AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY COMMANDERS

Introduction

Continental Army Flag: 1776
 

The names below are shown alphabetically, with civilians preceding the military. The military are shown by rank and surname. Significant appointments are shown where known. Some sources are not clear on dates and some ranks reflected below may have been earned after the 1783 conclusion of the Revolutionary War. I have truncated appointments after 1783.

I have selected the civilian leaders subjectively, favouring those who had some military responsibilities. Several of the military leaders shown had parallel political responsibilities, which I have not shown in the interests of simplicity. Many of these men had either earlier, or subsequent political careers. The reason for their mention is clearly that they created a new state by denying their continued loyalty to the former state. The initial colonial rejection was political, although there was an implicit rejection of the aristocracy by birth. With the arrival of 30,000 British and German troops in the summer of 1776 the situation in America changed. Despite good intentions the invaders in New York and the Jerseys turned to plunder, pillage, rape, and murder by the end of the autumn.[2] Citizens debating their allegiences (Whig, or Tory - rebel or loyal) soon decided and took up arms themselves. The uncontrolled British and German soldiers (including gangs of British officers) outraged and motivated the rebels who quickly rejected all ties to England.

It is important to remember that the rebel colonies had no permanent military institutions in 1775, but by 1776 there were c20,000 men in the army (continental and militias). During the war c250,000 men served in the army, but with no more than 90,000 at one time.[3] There was an anomaly, since the Continental Congress appointed general officers as well as the new states, and there was a further mix of militia and Continental armies. Inevitably some men served in both their own local colonial militia and in the Continental army. Nonetheless, the amateurs defeated the professionals in 1781 at Yorktown. Of the military, only general officers are shown below and colonial militia personnel are incomplete and not easily identified.

My purpose here is to identify the depth of commitment, which the revolution required. Benjamin Franklin's example shows that there was a long-term awareness of problems with Britain. Not only did the rebels have to actually rebel, but they also had to win national support, lay the foundations for a nation, equip and train an army, cope with neighbours loyal to the Crown, gain international allies, and finally beat the world power of the time.

Name

Appointments

(Selected) Civilians
John Adams, (later President) 1774-1778, Continental Congresses Massachusetts Delegate, 1776, Proposed a republican government, 1776, Resolved that the colonies assume government power, 1776, Chaired Board of War, and Ordinance, 1776, Draft committee member for Declaration of Independence, 1777-1779, Commissioner to France, 1779, Drafted Massachusetts constitution, 1779-1783, Minister Plenipotentiary Negotiator at Paris and the Netherlands Peace Treaty, 1782-1788, Ambassador to the Netherlands, 1785-1788, Ambassador to Britain.
Samuel Adams 1774-1778, Continental Congresses Massachusetts Delegate, 1777, Draft Committee for Articles of Confederation.
Richard Bassett 1774-1787, Delaware Legislature, 1775-1776, Delaware military mobilisation.
Pierce Butler 1774-1775, Continental Congress South Carolina Delegate, 1775-1778, Subordinate Commander South Carolina Militia, 1776-1789, South Carolina Legislature, , 1779-1782, South Carolina military planning and mobilisation.
Benjamin Franklin, Dr 1747, Pennsylvania Military Leader, 1757-1762, Pennsylvania Colonial Agent to Britain, 1763, Proposed Pennsylvania Militia mobilisation, 1764-1775, Pennsylvania, and Georgia, New Jersey and Massachusetts Colonial Agent to Britain, 1775-1776, Continental Congress Pennsylvania Delegate, 1776, Draft Committee for Declaration of Independence, 1776-1785, Commissioner to France, 1779-1783, Negotiator at Paris Peace Treaty.
Alexander Hamilton 1775-1776, New York Militia Subordinate Commander, 1777-1781, Continental Army Staff Officer and Subordinate Commander.
John Hancock 1774-1775, President of the Provisional Congress of Massachusetts, 1775-1777, President of the Second Continental Congress Massachusetts Delegate, 1780-1785, Governor of Massachusetts.
Benjamin Harrison V 1756-1776, Delegate to Virginia House of Burgesses, 1774-1777, Continental Congress Virginia Delegate, 1781-1784, Governor of Virginia.
Patrick Henry 1775-1775, Delegate to Virginia House of Burgesses, 1775, Subordinate Commander Virginia Militia, 1776-1779, Governor of Virginia.
Thomas Jefferson, (later President)

1774-1775, Delegate to Virginia House of Burgesses, 1775-1776, Second Continental Congress Virginia Delegate, 1776, Drafted the American Declaration of Independence, 1776-1779, Delegate to Virginia House of Delegates, 1779-1781, Governor of Virginia, 1785-1789, Ambassador to France
Richard Henry Lee 1758-1775, Delegate to Virginia House of Burgesses, 1774-1779, 1784-1785, Continental Congresses Virginia Delegate, 1775, Subordinate Commander Virginia Militia, 1776, Moved independence resolution, 1777, 1780, Delegate to Virginia State House of Burgesses.
James Monroe, (later President) 1776-1780, Continental Army. 1783-1786, Confederation Congress
Thomas Paine 1776, Revolutionary phamphleteer.
John Penn 1774-1775, North Carolina Provincial Congress, 1775-1780, Continental Congress North Carolina Delegate and Member of the Board of War.
Peyton Randolph

1748-1769, Delegate (-1766, Attorney General) to Virginia House of Burgesses, 1774-1775, President of the First and Second Continental Congresses Virginia Delegate.

Major Generals
Major General George Washington, (1774- 1775, Delegate to the First Continental Congress, later President) 1774, Virginia Militia Commander, 1775-1783, Commander-in-Chief Continental Army, 1780, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander.
Major General William Alexander, I Earl of Stirling 1775, New Jersey Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Long Island and captured as PoW, 1776-1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Trenton Brandywine Germantown MonmouthContinental Army Northern Department Commander, 1781-1783, Continental Army Northern Department Commander, (died 1783).
Major General John Armstrong 1775, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1777, Pennsylvania Militia Commander at Brandywine Germantown.
Major General Benedict Arnold 1775-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Boston Ticonderoga Québec Valcour Ridgefield Stanwix and Saratoga, 1779, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander at Westpoint, (1780, Deserted to British fought in Virginia and Connecticut).
Major General Ephraim Blaine 1779-1781, Continental Army Commissary General.
Commissary General Elias Boudinot Continental Army Intelligence Chief.
Major General Daniel Brodhead 1779-1781, Continental Army Western Department Commander.
Major General William Buchanan 1777-1778, Continental Army Commissary General.
Dr Benjamin Church 1775, Continental Army Director General of Hospital Department.
Dr John Cochran 1781-1783, Continental Army Director General of Hospital Department.
Major General Thomas Conway 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Germantown, 1778, Continental Army Inspector General (French Volunteer 1778, resigned.)
Major General Phillippe Charles Jean Baptiste Tronson du Coudray 1777, Continental Army Inspector General, (French Volunteer).
Major General Nathaniel Folsom 1775, New Hampshire Colony Forces Commander.
Major General Joseph Frye 1775, Massachusetts Militia Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1776, resigned).
Major General Horatio Gates 1775-1776, Continental Army Adjutant General, 1776, Continental Army Canadian Department Commander, 1777-1778, Continental Army Northern Department Commander at Saratoga, 1778-1779, Continental Army Eastern Department Commander, 1780, Continental Army Southern Department Commander at Camden, (1780, Board of Inquiry called after Camden defeat).
Major General Nathanael Greene 1775, Rhode Island Militia Subordinate Commander and Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1776-1777, Continental Army Division Commander at Long Island Trenton Brandywine Germantown, 1778-1780, Continental Army Quartermaster General at Monmouth Rhode Island Springfield, 1780, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander, 1780, Westpoint Commander, 1780-1781, Continental Army Southern Department Commander.
Major General John Hancock, (1775, President of the Continental Congress) 1772, Subordinate Commander Massachusetts Bay Militia, 1776, Commander Massachusetts Bay Militia, 1778, Defeated at Rhode Island.
Major General Edward Hand, MD 1775, Subordinate Commander Pennsylvania Militia, 1775-1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Bunker Hill Canada Long Island Trenton, 1777-1778, Continental Army Western Department Commander, 1778-1781, Continental Army Adjutant General.
Major General William Heath 1775, Commander Massachusetts Bay Militia at Lexington and Concord and Continental Army Subordinate Commander.at Boston Siege, 1776, Continental Army Division Commander at New York, 1776-1777,Continental Army Highlands Department Commander, 1777-1779, Continental Army Eastern Department Commander, 1780-1782, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander.
Major General Robert Howe 1775, Subordinate Commander North Carolina Militia, 1776-1778, Continental Army Southern Department Commander Defeated at Savannah, 1779-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General William Irvine 1781-1783, Continental Army Western Department Commander.
Major General Johannes von Robais, Baron de Kalb 1777-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (Bavarian Volunteer, 1780, killed at Camden).
Major General Henry Knox 1772, Boston Massacre, 1775, Massachusetts Militia, Subordinate Commander Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775-1776, Continental Army Chief of Artillery Siege of Boston, 1777, New York and Trenton, 1778-1782Continental Army Highlands Department Commander, 1783, Continental Army Commander-in-Chief, 1785, Secretary of War.
Major General Marie Paul Joseph Roche Yves Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 1777-1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Brandywine Newport, 1779-1780, Negotiated 5,500 additional French troops, 1781, Continental Army Commander in Virginia and trapped Cornwallis at Yorktown, (French Volunteer, 1781 returned to France).
Major General Charles Lee 1775, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at.Boston Siege, 1776, Continental Army Canadian Department Commander Southern Department Commander Continental Army Subordinate Commander at New York and Captured in New Jersey as PoW, 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Monmouth and court martialed.
Major General Benjamin Lincoln

1772, Massachusetts Militia, Subordinate Commander, 1776, Commander of Massachusetts Militia, 1776-1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1778-1780, Continental Army Southern Department, Commander. Commander, 1780, Captured at Charleston as PoW, 1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Yorktown, 1781-1783, Secretary of War.
Major General Alexander McDougall 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at White Plains and Germantown, 1776-1782, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander, (1782, court martialed).
Major General Lachlan McIntosh 1776, Georgia Militia Subordinate Commander Defended Savannah, 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1778, Continental Army Western Department Commander, 1779-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander Captured at Charleston as PoW.
Major General Thomas Mifflin, (later President of the Continental Congress) 1775, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander, 1775-1777, Continental Army Quartermaster General, 1777-1778, Congressional Board of War, (1778, resigned).
Major General Richard Montgomery 1775, Continental Army Northern Department Second in Command Commander of Invasion of Canada and Military Governor of Montréal, (1775, killed at Québec).
Surgeon General John Morgan, MD 1775-1777, Continental Army Director General of Hospital Department.
Major General William Moultrie 1775, South Carolina Militia Commander, 1776, Subordinate Commander at Sullivan's Island, 1776-1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1780-1782, Captured at Charleston as PoW.
Major General (Brevet) John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, Reverend 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Brandywine Germantown Monmouth and Yorktown.
Major General Samuel Holden Parsons 1775, Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander at Bunker Hill and Boston Siege, 1776-1779, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1779-1782, Continental Army Division Commander, (1782, retired).
Major General (Brevet) John Paterson 1775, Massachusetts Militia Subordinate Commander at Bunker Hill and Boston Siege, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander in the Invasion of Canada New Jersey battles Saratoga and Monmouth.
Major General William Phillips Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General Timothy Pickering 1777-1778, Continental Army Adjutant General, 1780-1783, Continental Army Quartermaster General.
Major General Seth Pomeroy 17751776, Subordinate Commander Massachusetts Bay Militia, (1776, died in New york).
Major General Israel Putnam 1775, Connecticut Militia Commander at Bunker Hill and Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1776, Continental Army Division Commander at New York, 1777-1779, Continental Army Highlands Department Commander, (1779, retired).
Major General Arthur St Clair 1775, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1777, Commander Fort Ticonderoga, 7 July 1777, Defeated at the Battle of Hubbardton by Brigadier Simon Fraser, 1777-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General Alexander Scammell 1776-1777, Continental Army Adjutant General.
Major General Peter Schuyler Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General Philip van Schuyler 1775, New York Militia Commander, 1775-1777, Continental Army Northern Department Commander, (Resigned 1779).
Surgeon General William Shippen, MD 1777-1781, Continental Army Director General of Hospital Department.
Major General William Smallwood 1776, Maryland Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General Joseph Spencer 1775, Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander and Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1776-1778, Continental Army Eastern Department, (1778, resigned).
Major General (Brevet) John Stark 1775, New Hampshire Militia Commander, 1775-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1777, New Hampshire Militia Commander, 1778-1781, Continental Army Northern Department Commander.
Major General Adam Stephen, MD

1775, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (Court martialed 1777).
Major General Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von Steuben 1777-1783, Continental Army Inspector General, (Prussian Volunteer).
Major General Charles Stewart 1777-1781, Continental Army Commissary General.
Major General John Sullivan 1775, New Hampshire Militia Subordinate Commander and Continental Army Subordinate Commander.Boston Siege, 1776, Continental Army Commander Canadian Department, 1776-1778, Continental Army Division Commander, 1778-1779, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General John Thomas, MD

1775, Massachusetts Bay Militia Subordinate Commander and Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1776, Continental Army Commander Canadian Department, (1776, died in Canada of smallpox).
Major General Joseph Trumbull 1775-1777, Continental Army Commissary General.
Major General James Wadsworth 1776, Connecticut Militia Commander, 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General Artemas Ward 1774-1775, Massachusetts Bay Militia Commander and Commander at Bunker Hill, 1775, Continental Army Second in Command and Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1776-1777, Continental Army Eastern Department Commander. (1777, resigned.)
Major General Anthony Wayne 1775, Pennsylvania Militia Commander, 17761783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Major General David Wooster 1775, Connecticut Militia Commander at New York, 1775, Continental Army Canadian Department Subordinate Commander at St Jean and Montréal, 1776, Continental Army Canadian Department Commander, 1776-1777, Connecticut Militia Commander at Danbury, (1777, killed at Danbury).

Brigadier Generals
Brigadier General John Ashe North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Charles Armand Tuffin, Marquis de la Rouerie 1777-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at New York, Monmouth, Short Hills, Brandywine, Whitemarsh, Virginia Yorktown, (French Volunteer).
Brigadier General Philippe Hubertde, Chevalier Preudhomme de Borre 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (French Volunteer).
Brigadier General Briskett Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Abraham Ten Broeck Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General John Cadwalader 1776-1777, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Brigadier General Elijah Clark 1775, Georgia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General George Rogers Clark 1775-1783, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander at Kentucky Kaskaskia Vincennes and Miami River.
Brigadier General James Clinton 1775-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Montréal Québec and Fort Clinton, 1779, Commanded Susquehanna expedition to defeat Iroquois and Tories at Newton, 1780, Continental Army Northern Department Commander, 1781-1782, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Yorktown.
Brigadier General George Clinton 1776, New York Militia Commander, 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Philip van Cortlandt 1775-1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at New York Saratoga Iroquois Campaign and Yorktown.
Brigadier General Robert Cunningham South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General William Lee Davidson 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1779, North Carolina Militia Commander, (1781, killed at Cowan's Ford).
Brigadier General William R Davie North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Elias Dayton 1774-1775, New Jersey Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander in Mowhawk Valley.
Brigadier General Matthias Alexis, Chevalier de la Rochefermoy de Fermoy 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (French Volunteer, 1777, died).
Brigadier General John Philip de Haas 1774-1775, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander at Canada and Ticonderoga, 1776-1779, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Long Island and Philadelphia.
Brigadier General Frederick Wilhelm de Woedtk, Baron 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Canada and Crown Point, (Prussian Volunteer, 1776, died).
Brigadier General Louis Lebèque de Presle du Portail 1777-1783, Continental Army Chief of Engineers at Boston Charleston and Yorktown, (French Volunteer).
Brigadier General Philemon Dickinson 1775, New Jersey Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Thomas Eaton 1775-1782, North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander at Guilford.
Brigadier General Samuel Elbert Georgia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Ewing 1776, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General John Fellows 1775-1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Christopher Gadsden 1774, South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Charleston.
Brigadier General Peter Gansevoort Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1781, New York Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Mordecai Gist 1775, Maryland Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Brooklyn Camden and Combahee.
Brigadier General John Glover 1775, Massachusetts Militia Subordinate Commander at Boston Siege, 1775-1782, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at New York Trenton Saratoga and Rhose Island, (1782, retired).
Brigadier General John Greaton 1775, Massachusetts Bay Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander in Canada.
Brigadier General Edward Hand Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Moses Hazen Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Nathaniel Heard 1775-1776, New Jersey Subordinate Militia Commander, 1776-1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Nicholas Herkimer 1775-1777, New York Subordinate Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Hogun 1775, North Carolina Subordinate Militia Commander, 1776-1779, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Brandywine Germantown, 1780, Captured at Charlestown as a PoW, (1781, died as POW).
Brigadier General Peter Horry South Carolina Subordinate Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Isaac Huger 1775, South Carolina Subordinate Militia Commander, 1776-1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Chaleston Cowpens Guilford Courthouse, (1781, retired).
Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington 1775, Connecticut Subordinate Militia Commander at Bunker Hill, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General William Irvine, MD 1775, Pennsylvania Subordinate Militia Commander Captured at Trois Riviers as PoW, 1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Monmouth and New York, 1781-1783, Commander Northwest Frontier.
Commodore (Russian Admiral) John Paul Jones 1775, Continental Navy Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General (Brevet) Tadeusz Kościuszko[4] 1776-1783, Chief Engineer Continental Army (promoted brevet rank 1783).
Brigadier General John Lacey Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Ebenezer Learned 1774, Massachusetts Bay Militia Subordinate Commander, 1775-1778, Continental Army Subordinate Commander at Saratoga, (1778, resigned.).
Brigadier General Andrew Lewis 1775, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1777, resigned).
Brigadier General William Livingston New Jersey Militia Subordinate Commander.

Brigadier General Benjamin Logan

Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.

Brigadier General Hugh Logan

Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Lovell Massachusetts Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General John Mathews South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Francis Marion South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General William Maxwell 1775, New Jersy Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1780, resigned).
Brigadier General John McKinley, Dr Delaware Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, MD 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1777, killed at Princeton).
Brigadier General Samuel Miles Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Moore 1775, North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1777, Commander Continental Army Southern Department, (1777, died).
Brigadier General Daniel Morgan 1775, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1776-1777, Captured at Québec as PoW, 1777, Battle of Saratoga, 1780, Continental Army Commander at Battle of Cowpens.
Brigadier General (Brevet) Stephen Moylan 1776, Quartermaster General, 1777-1781, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Francis Nash 1775, North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1777, killed at Germantown).
Brigadier General Thomas Nelson 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1778, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General John Nixon 1775-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Robert Paterson 1781, Continental Army Highlands Department A/Commander.
Brigadier General Andrew Pickens 1779, Commander South Carolina Militia
Brigadier General Enoch Poor 1775-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (died 1780).
Brigadier General James Potter Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Jedadadiah Pribble 1778, North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General  Kazimierz Pulaski, Count of Slepowron 1777, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (Polish Volunteer, 1779, killed at Savannah).
Brigadier General Rufus Putnam 1775, Massachusett's Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Reed 1775, New Hampshire Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1776, blinded by smallpox & retired).
Brigadier General Joseph Reed 1775-1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander. 1776-1777, Continental Army Adjutant General.
Brigadier General Robert van Rensselaer 1775, New York Militia Subordinate Commander, 1780, New York Militia Subordinate Commander (2 NY Brigade).
Brigadier General Richard Richardson South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Gurdon Saltonstall Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Charles Scott 1775, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1780, captured, 1783, released as PoW).
Brigadier General John Morin Scott 1775-1777, New York Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General John Sevier North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Goose van Schaick Continental Army Subordinate Commander (promoted brevet rank 1783).
Brigadier General Henry Sherburne

Rhode Island Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Gold Selleck Silliman Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General George Frederick Spears Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (French volunteer).
Brigadier General Adam Stephens Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Edward Stevens Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Jethro Sumner 1776-1779, North Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander, 1779-1783, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Thomas Sumter

South Carolina Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General William Thompson 1775, Pennsylvania Militia Subordinate Commander, 1775-1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum 1775, Rhode Island Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander. (1776, captured at Trois Rivières, 1780, released as PoW)
Brigadier General Gustavus Brown Wallace 1775, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Warner 1775-1777, Vermont Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Warren Massachusetts Militia Subordinate Commander, (1775, killed at Bunker Hill).
Brigadier General David Waterbury Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Anthony Wayne Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Samuel Blatchley Webb Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General William Whipple, Jr 1777, New Hampshire Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Gerhard von der Wieden (George Weedon) 1775, Virginia Militia Commander, 1775-1780, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, 1780, Virginia Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Wilkinson 1776, Congressional Secretary of the Board of War
Brigadier General Otho Holland Williams 1775, Maryland Militia Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General Oliver Wolcott Connecticut Militia Subordinate Commander.
Brigadier General James Wolfe Not the British hero of 1759, but unconfirmed by good sources.
Brigadier General William Woodford 1775, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1780, died as a PoW).
Brigadier General Nathaniel Woodhull 1775-1776, New York Militia Subordinate Commander, 1776, Continental Army Subordinate Commander, (1776, killed at the Battle of New York).

ENDNOTES

1             See List of Continental Army units at, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Continental_Army_units; RANGERS IN COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA at, http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/RevWar/revra.htm; Historical Resources Branch, US ARMY CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY, The Continental Army, BIBLIOGRAPHY at, http://www.army.mil/cmh/reference/revbib/go.htm; Major Generals at, http://revgen.tripod.com/mg.html; Paul M Bessel, Generals of the Continental Army, under George Washington at, http://www.bessel.org/gwgenmas.htm; The Continental Army at, http://www.historycarper.com/resources/tca/appendix.htm; http://revgen.tripod.com/smg.html; Wikipedia individual's files; http://www.myrevolutionarywar.com/units-american/index.htm. See also John Ferling, Almost A Miracle; David Hackett Fischer, Washington's Crossing; and David McCullough's books, 1776, and John Adams; as well as Craig L Symonds A Battlefield Atlas of The American Revolution; and Alvin Embrey, History of Fredericksburg. See also Founding Fathers of the United States at, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States.

2           David Hackett Fischer, Washington's Crossing, p. 261, Colonel von Donop carried off 150 wagons of plunder, while abandoning his wounded, after the nearby Battle of Trenton.

3            American Revolutionary War at, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War.

4            See Tadeusz Kościuszko at, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko#American_Revolution. Kościuszko was seconded to the Army of the North and was key to the construction of defences for Philadelphia, the seccuess at Saratoga, and the selection and construction of the stronghold in West Point.
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